Articles for tag: Dormition of the Theotokos, Mother of God

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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The Birthday of the Theotokos—into Heaven

http://www.eikonografos.com/album/albums/uploads/panagia/45.jpg

On August 15 the Church celebrates the Dies Natalis, the birthday of the Theotokos (Mother of God) into heaven. The Dormition, or “falling asleep”, as the Church calls the death of the Saints, is the oldest and most important of all the feasts in honor of the Theotokos. But what does the Church commemorate? Just her death or also her bodily resurrection and assumption to heaven?

The “end” of the holy Theotokos is not historically ascertainable. The only thing we can say is to repeat with St. Epiphanios of Salamis (+403): “no one knows her end.”1 We can, however, state that the Church of the first eight centuries considered the death of the Theotokos as a given. In East and West there was the same tradition of the natural death of the Theotokos.

In the Orthodox tradition, the death and burial of the Most holy Virgin constitute the central event of the feast, expressed in the hymnography and iconography of the Church. Her death is what has been always historically believed. However, the fate of her body is also a given in the patristic writings, though it is not the main focus of their attention.

In the West, what constitutes the central event is not the death, but the bodily assumption of the Theotokos, proclaimed a “revealed truth” by Pope Pius XII in 1950. Her death remains the subject of theological speculation and debate. The reason the West departed from the tradition of the Church is the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, defined by Pope Pius IX in 1854. If she was born without the original sin, then she did not have to die. A corollary of this erroneous teaching, arrived at through rationalistic speculation, was that the holy Virgin had to be assumed into heaven as a consequence of her sinlessness.

For us, only Christ is sinless. The most holy Virgin followed the fate of all mortal human beings, dying physically. However her body was raised by her Son from the dead after three days, and she was taken up (assumed) into heaven. If Christ is the first born of the dead, His holy Mother is the second born of the dead, as it was right and proper for her who is the “Mother of Life” to have the privilege to follow Him first to the true life.

According to the hymnology of the Church, at her death

“the whole world was filled with joy.”2

Why? Because, it is stated elsewhere,

“After your dormition you went up to heaven, O most pure One, in soul and body.”3

And again,

“Your tomb, O Most pure One, declares your burial and the passage (metastasin) to heaven with your body.”5

Another hymn is also very clear: “your sacred tomb is empty,” because “the body is raised from the tomb.”6

Another hymn calls her death “incorruptible”7.

The kontakion of her feast is equally clear:

“the tomb and death did not hold you.”

Finally, another hymn declares, “you live after death.”8

All Saints live in the spirit, but the most holy Virgin and Mother of God lives in heaven in her bodily form, together with her Son, enjoying already the common destiny which awaits all those who have united their lives to that of her Son and God. May He grant that joyous life to all of us, through her holy intercessions. Amen.

  1. PG 42, 737A
  2. Doxastikon of her Forefeast.
  3. First Kathisma (Sessional Hymn) of the Forefeast.
  4. First stanza of the fifth Ode of her Canon by Joseph.
  5. Second and third stanza of the seventh Ode of the Canon of the Forefeast.
  6. necrosis afthoros, Kathisma after the Polyeleos
  7. Irmos of the 9th Ode of the First Canon by Kosmas.

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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We run to our Mother

The Paraklesis Services to the Mother of God (Theotokos) are chanted in times of distress and sorrow of soul and during the first fourteen days of August, and at any other time throughout the year. When we come to church for these services, we bring a list of names of those living people whom we love, care about, and who are in need of prayer. We give this list of names to the priest to be prayed for out loud at times throughout the service.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=BdTr5Wekfro

The Great Paraklesis, as chanted by the monastics at Ormylia Monastery.

As I read the “Great Supplicatory Canon” to the Most Holy Theotokos, I ponder upon my lack of living faith, compared to the trustful, experiential faith that rises out of the lines of this Canon.

With what filial affection and love does a king, Theodore Doukas,00 no less, run to Panayia (the most holy one), when the afflictions and vicissitudes of life tended to become overbearing and overwhelming, pressing him from all sides.

By comparison, we turn to “God” to ask for help—but in a cold, detached way. Our heart is not in it. The prayer is not burning within us. We don’t have παρρησία (parresia), boldness, courage, confidence before God. But that’s where Panayia comes in—she does! King Theodore Doukas knew it. All true Christians know it. And we run to Panayia, who has parresia.

The meaning of Paraklesis

The word Paraklesis has various meanings: calling to one’s aid, imploring, invocation, request, etc. It is most commonly rendered as “supplication”, however an even better rendering is comfort, consolation.

Keep also in mind that the word Parakletos, the Paraclete (John 14:16.25), comes from the same root, meaning, the Comforter, the Helper, the Consoler, the One Christ promised to send us to precisely be with us forever, to guide us, to protect us, to strengthen us, to encourage us, to comfort us.


“Most Holy Virgin Theotokos, save us through your prayers.”

“…through your prayers” is normally
 understood and implied when we say
 “save us”. In this Paraklesis refrain, by
 adding “through your prayers” to “save
 us,” not only does the English translation now fit the original melody of the Greek words, but the addition also serves to elucidate the implied understanding of how the Mother of God “saves us”.

But in our case, we go to the Mother of the Master, not out of calculated action, but spontaneously, with the simplicity and naturalness with which a child runs to its mother for protection and comfort.

Yes, with trust and confidence, we approach the Theotokos as we would with our own mother:

“In you, Virgin Full of Grace,
my trust and my hope I place.
Mother of our God:
keep and hold me
in your protecting arms.” 0

We are consoled and comforted by the mother of the Lord—and she is our mother—for if she is the mother of the head, surely she is the mother of the entire body. If she can contain God in the flesh, surely she can contain His Body, the Church. That’s why she is represented behind and above the altar in many churches, as the Platytera ton Ouranon, “More Spacious than Heaven”.

Placing ourselves under her maternal protection we have nothing to fear, just as when an infant clings to its mother’s breast, all its fears, anxieties, disquietude and danger disappear. A child, in case of imminent danger and threat of harm, automatically cries out, “Mom!” And it doesn’t stop to think, “Well, let’s see, I have here an option: I can call upon my father, or my uncle Harry, or my mother. I think I’ll call upon my mother.” No. It is a spontaneous cry, that surges naturally from the heart. Why? Because the mother is always there. She has been and we can count that she will be there—if at all humanly possible.

So too in the case of Panayia, she is there and more so than any natural mother. Because she is not limited in any way, as an earthy mother is. She is “able and willing.” Not only “able and willing,” but eager and potent. Because her love is great.

So when our heart is troubled, when the adversities seem to multiply, when suffering seems intolerable, when grief, sorrow, sadness strike us; when anguish and anxiety have the upper hand, when we are “stressed out”—where do we go? To Panagia.

When we are upset, agitated, nervous, irritated, aggravated and distressed; confused, bewildered and disoriented; when we don’t feel well, when we feel sick and are not in a mood of doing anything—where do we go? To Panagia.

Do we address our condition as one needing visitation and comfort “from above?” Do we see a personal God behind every happening and occurrence in our lives and in the world that surrounds us?

May we always see clearly our dependence on God in everything we do, in everything that happens around us, and within us. And may we find the wisdom to run to the holy Theotokos, who is “Quick of Hearing,” as children do with their mother, and lay before her all our problems, confident that she will act upon them.

We look forward to these blessed days of the daily Paraklesis or Consolation services, and of our turning to the blessed Virgin and Mother of God for her powerful protection, to find comfort and solace in her bosom. As the old Latin hymn goes:

“Tu solatium et refugium
Virgo Mater Maria!
Ora pro nobis.”

You are our solace and refuge,
Virgin Mother Mary!
Pray for us.

  1. He composed the “Great” Supplicatory Canon.
  2. Chanted in place of the Exaposteilaria, on days of the year other than the first 14 days of August)

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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Did Christ Have a Fallen Human Nature – Part 6 of 8

jesus fallen human nature
In this series of eight blog posts we are addressing the subject of the human nature of Christ from the perspective of the Orthodox Church. This, the sixth post in the series addresses the following question:

Were Christ’s conception and birth like ours?

Concerning the statement, “No special exceptions are needed for Him,” it would be sufficient to recall Christ’s extraordinary conception and birth. Since the beginning the Church has expressed her faith that Christ was conceived without human seed (virgin birth) and that He was born leaving His mother a virgin, as she was before conception. Being born without a human father is an exception, not an excuse. And it is of faith.

Indeed an extraordinary Being requires an extraordinary conception and birth! A Protestant may believe whatever s/he wants, but to be Orthodox a Christian must believe in the immaculate conception of Jesus Christ and the ever-virginity of the most holy Theotokos (Mother of God).

1) Official pronouncements of the Church

First Ecumenical Synod

“…the Son of God… was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary and became man.”

Fifth Ecumenical Synod

“The Word of God… came down from heaven and was incarnate of the holy, glorious, Theotokos, and Ever-Virgin Mary.”

2) The witness of the Holy Scripture

Mt. 1:23, Is. 7:14

“Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and his name shall be called Emmanuel.”

3) The witness of the Fathers of the Church

St. Augustine

“A Virgin conceived, a Virgin bore, and after the birth as a Virgin still.”

St. Cyril of Alexandria

“After His birth, He preserved the virginity of His mother, although this is not true of any of the saints…Because He was God by nature, when in this last time He also took the human condition, He revealed the birth from the Virgin as different from all other births. Therefore, it is right and just that the blessed one should be called Theotokos and Virgin Mother. For Jesus, who was born of her, was not a mere man.”

St. John Damascene

“[He is] like to us in that He was man born of woman, and above us because it was not by seed, but by the Holy Spirit and the Holy Virgin Mary, transcending the laws of parturition.”

4) The witness of the hymnology of the Church

Ancient liturgical hymn

“Only begotten Son and Word of God, although immortal, You humbled Yourself for our salvation, taking flesh from the holy Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary and, without change, becoming man.”

5) The confirmation by Orthodox theologians

Fr. Dumitru Stăniloae

“Through the descent of Christ as hypostasis within her and as He began to form the body from her with the cooperation of the Holy Spirit as a whole person, her body that was kept by her in the purity of virginity and in the purity of total availability for God, is cleansed also of the original sin so that the divine Hypostasis may not take His body from a body still under this sin and under the natural law of birth in voluptuous pleasure.”

Some of this material was drawn from my book, Jesus: Fallen? The Human Nature of Christ Examined from an Eastern Orthodox Perspective (Orthodox Witness: Clearwater, FL, 2013).

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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The Story of the Mother of God in Iconography

the mother of God in iconography

This Mother’s Day, together with our earthly mothers, let us honor the mother of the Lord. She who is the mother of the head of the body is also mother of all the members of the body. In this post, we’ll take a look at the story of the Mother of God in iconography.

In the first icon we view the Nativity of the most holy Theotokos. According to tradition she was born to the elderly, barren parents Joachim and Anna.

 

“Isaiah says, ‘The root of Jesse shall come, He who rises to rule the Gentiles; in Him shall the Gentiles hope’” (Rom. 15:12; cf. Is. 11:10). “Rod of the root of Jesse, and flower that blossomed from his stem, O Christ, You have sprung from the Virgin.” (St. Cosmas) The most holy Virgin is the rod and Christ the unfading rose that blossomed from her.

The Entrance of the Theotokos into the Temple. According to tradition at the age of three the most holy Virgin was brought to the Temple, where she stayed for nine years.

The Evangelismos, or the Annunciation of the Good News of the Theotokos (see Lk. 1:26-39).

“You will conceive in your womb and bear…the Son of God” (Lk. 1:31.35).

A few days after her conception of the Son of God the most holy Virgin visited her cousin Elizabeth, who greeted her as “the mother of my Lord,” shown fully formed in her womb (cf. Lk. 1:39-56)

“And she gave birth to her first-born son and wrapped Him in swaddling cloths and laid Him in a manger” (Lk. 2:7).

The Circumcision of the Lord. He truly assumed human flesh, willingly accepting to undergo everything the Law required (cf. Lk. 2:22-39).

The Flight into Egypt (cf. Mt. 2:13-23). James, “the brother of the Lord,” is following. According to tradition he was Joseph’s eldest son.

The 12-year old Boy Jesus at the Temple. “‘Son, why have you treated us so? Behold, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously.’ And he said to them, ‘How is it that you sought me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?’” (cf. Lk. 2:41-52).

“Standing by the cross of Jesus were His mother…and the disciple whom He loved standing near…” (Jn. 19:25-26)

The synoptic gospels mention only Joseph of Arimathea taking down the body of God and wrapping it in a linen shroud. John adds Nicodemus. The synoptics mention “the other Mary,” who, according to the Fathers of the Church, is none other than the Mother of God, who, from John’s account, we know she was present.

“Now after the Sabbath, toward the dawn of the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the sepulcher…But the angel said…‘Do not be afraid…He is not here; He has risen…Then go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead’” (Mt. 28:1.5-7).

“And behold, Jesus met them and said, ‘Hail!’ And they came up and took hold of His feet and worshiped Him” (Mt. 28:9).

While the gospel accounts mention only the disciples being present at the Lord’s ascension to heaven, in this ancient depiction the most holy Theotokos stands in the middle, as the Apostle Paul is shown on the left.

The descent of the Holy Spirit upon the twelve disciples and the holy Theotokos. In the description of the Acts, “When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place” (Acts 2:1). By “all” many understand to include “the company of persons was in all about a hundred and twenty” (Acts 1:15), which includes “the women and Mary the mother of Jesus” (v. 14).

The Dormition, or the Falling Asleep, of the Theotokos. Ivory, Constantinople, circa 1000 AD.

The Metastasis of the Theotokos, literally her bodily translation or translocation, most often rendered in English as Assumption. According to the tradition of the Church, the holy Theotokos died, but after three days her tomb was found empty, having been taken bodily up to heaven to be with her Son.

Panagia Pantanassa, The Most Holy Virgin, Queen of All. Following her bodily ascension to heaven she reigns supreme as the Queen of the Angels and Mother of all humans, and intercedes to her Son and our God for our salvation.

In his Mother’s Day message his Eminence Metropolitan Alexios of Atlanta stated the following: “In honoring our earthly mothers on Mother’s Day, let us also honor the Theotokos, the model of motherhood. Our Lord held a special place in His heart for His Blessed Mother. She was the only person with Him throughout his entire life on Earth: from birth to death to Resurrection to Ascension. They had the unique bond that only a mother and a child have. Even when our Lord was hanging on the cross in agony and near death, he was concerned for His mother, and gave her into the care of St. John. At His darkest hour, our Lord showed all of us today how important it is to take care of and love our mothers.

 

Image Credits: Nativity of Panagia | Young Panagia | Entrance of the Panagia into the Temple | The Annunciation | Christ in the Womb of the Theotokos | Meeting with Elizabeth | The Nativity of Christ | The Circumcision of the Lord | The Flight into Egypt | Boy Jesus in the Temple | The Crucifixion | The Descent from the Cross | The Resurrection | Appearance after the Resurrection | The Ascension | The Descent of the Holy Spirit | The Descent of the Holy Spirit | The Dormition of the Theotokos | The Metastasis of the Theotokos | The Most Holy Virgin, Queen of All

 

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