Articles for author: Orthodox Witness

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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the mother of God in iconography

The Story of the Mother of God in Iconography

This Mother’s Day, together with our earthly mothers, let us honor the mother of the Lord. She who is the mother of the head of the body is also mother of all the members of the body. In this post, we’ll take a look at the story of the Mother of God in iconography.

In the first icon we view the Nativity of the most holy Theotokos. According to tradition she was born to the elderly, barren parents Joachim and Anna.

 

“Isaiah says, ‘The root of Jesse shall come, He who rises to rule the Gentiles; in Him shall the Gentiles hope’” (Rom. 15:12; cf. Is. 11:10). “Rod of the root of Jesse, and flower that blossomed from his stem, O Christ, You have sprung from the Virgin.” (St. Cosmas) The most holy Virgin is the rod and Christ the unfading rose that blossomed from her.

The Entrance of the Theotokos into the Temple. According to tradition at the age of three the most holy Virgin was brought to the Temple, where she stayed for nine years.

The Evangelismos, or the Annunciation of the Good News of the Theotokos (see Lk. 1:26-39).

“You will conceive in your womb and bear…the Son of God” (Lk. 1:31.35).

A few days after her conception of the Son of God the most holy Virgin visited her cousin Elizabeth, who greeted her as “the mother of my Lord,” shown fully formed in her womb (cf. Lk. 1:39-56)

“And she gave birth to her first-born son and wrapped Him in swaddling cloths and laid Him in a manger” (Lk. 2:7).

The Circumcision of the Lord. He truly assumed human flesh, willingly accepting to undergo everything the Law required (cf. Lk. 2:22-39).

The Flight into Egypt (cf. Mt. 2:13-23). James, “the brother of the Lord,” is following. According to tradition he was Joseph’s eldest son.

The 12-year old Boy Jesus at the Temple. “‘Son, why have you treated us so? Behold, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously.’ And he said to them, ‘How is it that you sought me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?’” (cf. Lk. 2:41-52).

“Standing by the cross of Jesus were His mother…and the disciple whom He loved standing near…” (Jn. 19:25-26)

The synoptic gospels mention only Joseph of Arimathea taking down the body of God and wrapping it in a linen shroud. John adds Nicodemus. The synoptics mention “the other Mary,” who, according to the Fathers of the Church, is none other than the Mother of God, who, from John’s account, we know she was present.

“Now after the Sabbath, toward the dawn of the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the sepulcher…But the angel said…‘Do not be afraid…He is not here; He has risen…Then go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead’” (Mt. 28:1.5-7).

“And behold, Jesus met them and said, ‘Hail!’ And they came up and took hold of His feet and worshiped Him” (Mt. 28:9).

While the gospel accounts mention only the disciples being present at the Lord’s ascension to heaven, in this ancient depiction the most holy Theotokos stands in the middle, as the Apostle Paul is shown on the left.

The descent of the Holy Spirit upon the twelve disciples and the holy Theotokos. In the description of the Acts, “When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place” (Acts 2:1). By “all” many understand to include “the company of persons was in all about a hundred and twenty” (Acts 1:15), which includes “the women and Mary the mother of Jesus” (v. 14).

The Dormition, or the Falling Asleep, of the Theotokos. Ivory, Constantinople, circa 1000 AD.

The Metastasis of the Theotokos, literally her bodily translation or translocation, most often rendered in English as Assumption. According to the tradition of the Church, the holy Theotokos died, but after three days her tomb was found empty, having been taken bodily up to heaven to be with her Son.

Panagia Pantanassa, The Most Holy Virgin, Queen of All. Following her bodily ascension to heaven she reigns supreme as the Queen of the Angels and Mother of all humans, and intercedes to her Son and our God for our salvation.

In his Mother’s Day message his Eminence Metropolitan Alexios of Atlanta stated the following: “In honoring our earthly mothers on Mother’s Day, let us also honor the Theotokos, the model of motherhood. Our Lord held a special place in His heart for His Blessed Mother. She was the only person with Him throughout his entire life on Earth: from birth to death to Resurrection to Ascension. They had the unique bond that only a mother and a child have. Even when our Lord was hanging on the cross in agony and near death, he was concerned for His mother, and gave her into the care of St. John. At His darkest hour, our Lord showed all of us today how important it is to take care of and love our mothers.

 

Image Credits: Nativity of Panagia | Young Panagia | Entrance of the Panagia into the Temple | The Annunciation | Christ in the Womb of the Theotokos | Meeting with Elizabeth | The Nativity of Christ | The Circumcision of the Lord | The Flight into Egypt | Boy Jesus in the Temple | The Crucifixion | The Descent from the Cross | The Resurrection | Appearance after the Resurrection | The Ascension | The Descent of the Holy Spirit | The Descent of the Holy Spirit | The Dormition of the Theotokos | The Metastasis of the Theotokos | The Most Holy Virgin, Queen of All

 

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The Orthodox Witness website is published by Anthony Hatzidakis.

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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Is it Necessary to Bless Icons?

Concerning the Seventh Holy and Ecumenical Synod, 787 AD
from The Rudder, compiled by St. Nicodemus, p. 419 – 420

It is not necessary to anoint the holy icons with myron (or chrism oil), or to have them sanctified by the bishop with special prayers:

1) because we do not adore the holy icons because they are anointed or have had prayers said over them, but irrespectively, as soon as we lay eyes on a holy icon, without pausing to examine into the possibility of its having been anointed or having had a special prayer said over it, we at once proceed to pay adoration to it both on account of the name of the Saint and on account of the likeness it bears to the original. That is why in Act 6 of the present Council, the Council of the iconomachs [iconoclasts] in the reign of Copronymus disparaged the holy icons by asserting that the name of the pictures neither has any sacred prayer sanctifying it, in order that from what is common it might be transferred to what is holy, but that, on the contrary, it (sc. the picture) remains common and dishonorable (i.e., not entitled to honor), just as the painter made it. To these allegations the holy Seventh Council replied through Deacon Epiphanius, by asserting that it did not say that any special prayer is said over the icons, but said that like many other sacred objects they were incapable of receiving (benefit from) any special prayer, but, on the contrary from their very name they are replete with grace and sanctity,[pullquote]…like many other sacred objects they were incapable of receiving (benefit from) any special prayer, but, on the contrary from their very name they are replete with grace and sanctity…[/pullquote] in the same way that the shape of the vivifying Cross is, which is entitled to veneration and adoration among us in spite of the fact that it is made without having any special prayer said over it, and we believe that with its shape alone we acquire sanctity, and with the adoration which we pay to it, and the marking of it upon our forehead, and the seal of it which is made in the air with the finger (note that in days of yore the sign of the Cross was not made with three fingers, as it is today, but with one finger alone, which fact is stated by St. Chrysostom in one of his discourses; and see concerning this the Footnote to e. XCI of Basil) in the hope of chasing away the demons. Likewise, in the same way that we have many sacred vessels, and kiss and embrace them fondly, and hope to receive sanctity from them, in spite of the fact that they have not had any special prayers said over them, so and in like manner by fondly kissing and embracing and paying honorary adoration to a holy icon that has not had special prayers said over it we partake of sanctity, and are anagogically lifted up and carried back to the honor of the original through the name of the icon. But if the iconomachs cannot assert that the sacred vessels are dishonorable and common because of their not having had any special prayers said over them for the purpose of sanctifying them, but are just as the weaver, the painter, and the goldsmith finished them, yet they regard them as holy and precious; in the same way they ought to regard the venerable icons as holy and precious and sacred even though they have not had any special prayers said over them to sanctify them (p. 844 of vol. II of the Conciliar Records).

2) The holy icons do not need any special prayer or any application of myron (or chrism), because, according to Dositheus (p. 658 of the Dodecabiblus) it is only the Papists (or Roman Catholics) that perpetrate the iniquity of qualifying pictures with certain prayers and devotions. For they boast that the Pope manufactures pictures from pure wax, holy oil, and water of sanctification, and that he reads marvelous prayers over them, and that because of these special features these pictures perform miracles (just as they lyingly state that Leo III sent such a picture to King Charles of France, and he reverenced it; [pullquote]Do you see that the prayer which is read over holy pictures is a Papal affair, and not Orthodox…[/pullquote] and that Pope Urban sent another picture to John Paleologus, and this one was honored with a litany in the Church). Do you see that the prayer which is read over holy pictures is a Papal affair, and not Orthodox; and that it is a modern affair and not an ancient one? For this reason no such prayer can be found anywhere in the ancient manuscript Euchologia [church prayers]. In fact, we have noticed that this prayer is not even found in Euchologia printed only a hundred years ago!

3) It becomes evident that holy icons do not need any special prayer or application of myron (i.e., holy oil), because the pictures painted on the walls of churches, and in their naves and in their aisles, and in general in streets and on doors, and on the sacred vessels, are never anointed with myron and never any special prayer said over them, and yet, in spite of this, adoration is paid to them relatively and honorarily by all on account of the likeness they bear to the originals. That is why the erudite Bishop of Campania Sir Theophilus the Saint did not conceal this truth, but stated in the book which he has just recently produced that the holy icons do not need any anointing with myron nor the saying of any special prayer by a bishop.

Photo of author
The Orthodox Witness website is published by Anthony Hatzidakis.

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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Church History – A Simple Timeline

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The Orthodox Witness website is published by Anthony Hatzidakis.

GIVING WITNESS TO THE TRUE CHURCH

Orthodox Christians all over the world have received the unchanging Christian Faith, passed down from the Holy Apostles to their successors, and continue to practice it today in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church – The Orthodox Church.
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Statement by the Church on Mission and Evangelism

SCOBA Hierarchs
Antiochian Village, Ligonier, Pennsylvania
November 30 – December 2, 1994
Adopted Text

The end of the second millennium after Christ coincides with a unique missionary challenge to the Orthodox Church around the world. To mention only two dimensions of this challenge will show its scope. 1) The fall of communist totalitarianism in Central and Eastern European countries opens the way for the re-evangelization of the peoples of these countries. 2) In the United States and Canada millions of people are in spiritual crisis, millions of people are unchurched, the societies are afflicted with a spiritual and moral vacuum, and the Orthodox Church is therefore presented with a challenge to bear witness to the Orthodox faith and to evangelize.

We, the Orthodox bishops of North America, assembled at the Antiochian Village, Ligonier, Pennsylvania, November 30-December 2, 1994, have heard an address on Mission and Evangelism by His Eminence, Metropolitan Philip of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese, and a response by His Eminence, Archbishop Dmitri of Dallas, Orthodox Church in America, and have reflected together on the missionary task of the Orthodox Church in North America.

We wish to express the following convictions and commitments regarding mission and evangelism in North America:

It is our conviction that mission is the very nature of the Church, and is an essential expression of her apostolicity, and that the Orthodox Church is therefore commanded by the Lord Jesus Christ to teach, to preach, and to make disciples of all nations;

It is our conviction that the Orthodox Church’s history and experience give numerous examples of commitment to mission and to the preaching of the Good News of Christ (missions to the Slavs, missions in Siberia, China, Korea, and Japan, the evangelization of the Alaskan native people, and contemporary mission in Africa, Indonesia and Albania);

We believe that our task in North America is not limited to serving the immigrant and ethnic communities, but has at its very heart the missionary task, the task of making disciples in the nations of Canada and the United States;

We believe that the Orthodox of North America—bishops, clergy and laity—are called to think together, plan together, and work together in order to do mission work together;

We commit ourselves to show special pastoral attention to couples coming to marry in the church, especially in mixed marriages, and to their Orthodox Christian education and integration into Church life.

We commit ourselves to the evangelization, or re-evangelization, of those many people who call themselves Orthodox, and have indeed been baptized and chrismated in our churches, but whose lives are in fact distant from the fullness of the Orthodox Faith and the fullness of the Orthodox Church’s sacramental life;

We commit ourselves to avoiding the creation of parallel and competitive Orthodox parishes, missions, and mission programs;

We commit ourselves to common efforts and programs to do mission, leaving behind piecemeal, independent, and spontaneous efforts to do mission, moving forward towards a concerted, formal, and united mission program in order to make a real impact on North America through Orthodox mission and evangelism;

We strongly endorse the unified Orthodox Christian Mission Center, the Mission Conferences (at present co-sponsored by the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese, the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese, and the Orthodox Church in America), and encourage further consolidation of mission efforts and programs here and throughout the world;

We commit ourselves to express a common vision of mission and to work towards this end in the teaching of mission as an important part of the theological education of our future priests.

We respectfully petition His All-Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch to convene a world conference of mission representatives to help coordinate Orthodox mission strategies and efforts around the world;

We Orthodox in North America commit ourselves to bringing our household into order for the sake of the preaching of the Good News of Jesus Christ, His Incarnation and His teaching, His crucifixion, death, burial, and resurrection, and His presence in the Church through the descent of the Holy Spirit.

† Bishop Alexios
† Bishop Anthimos
† Bishop Antoun
† Bishop Basil
† Metropolitan Chrisopher
† Archbishop Dmitri
† Archbishop Herman
† Archbishop Iakovos
† Bishop Iakovos
† Metropolitan Irinej
† Metropolitan Joseph
† Archbishop Kyrill
† Bishop Mark
† Bishop Maximos
† Bishop Methodios
† Bishop Mitrophan
† Bishop Nathaniel
† Bishop Nicholas
† Archbishop Peter
† Metropolitan Philip
† Bishop Philip
† Bishop Philotheos
† Bishop Seraphim
† Metropolitan Silas
† Metropolitan Theodosius
† Bishop Tikhon
† Archbishop Victorin
† Bishop Vsevolod

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The Orthodox Witness website is published by Anthony Hatzidakis.
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